...Divorced, Beheaded, Survived †by Robin Black - 1263 Words

Opgave A ...Divorced, Beheaded, Survived – by Robin Black This is a short story written in a unique and curious setting, allowing you to see the world of an ordinary family whose lives have been affected by the deaths of their friends more than is fair. The story grasps some of the problems that death can bring upon a family which an average person may, or may not be aware of. Below, I will analyze and interpret Robin Black’s curiously written short story about the unnamed narrator and how the impact of her younger days has affected her and her son’s life. The short story is from 2010. The short story,’ †¦Divorced, Beheaded, Survived’, is about an unnamed mother, who reflects her life as a past-tense narrator throughout the whole text. The†¦show more content†¦In case this theory is right, she may fear for her son, who, even though we’re not told much about him, seems to be a boy who takes his studies seriously: â€Å"I’d known about the party. Mark had thought of going, but had decid ed he had too much work.† (Page 3, line 79) and â€Å"†¦Where he lay stretched on the couch. â€Å"Hey, bud.† I took the book from his hand as I spoke, and lay it open on the tabletop†. We are not told about Mark’s studies afterwards, however, only that he asks his mother how the death of her brother was. This scene is curious, but also arguably annoying. Robin Black had decided not to reveal in which way Mark asks her mother or how he reacts when he is handed the picture of Terry. The lack of emotional feelings envelops this scene and it’s as if even though we’re being narrated through the event by the mother, we’re still far away from the actual scene. One could find that something here is amiss. We may not know in which way Mark reacts upon the answer of his mother – it’s up to the reader. Where this short story can relate to real life, is the fact that people sometimes tend to lose contact with their associates w hen someone near themselves die. What this short story almost purposely stages for, is how the closest relatives will specially need the attention of their friends. One may wonder if Mark’s position over the events of Peter’s death is the same as the friends of the narrator’s. Mark apparently doesn’t talk much with his friends for an unknownShow MoreRelatedEssay Divorced, Beheaded, Survived1249 Words   |  5 PagesB â€Å"...Divorced, Beheaded, Survived† A short story written by Robin Black in 2010. Death is an issue everybody has to face at some point in their lives. The only thing we know for certain as human beings is that we are mortal. We do not know why we are here and how we got here, however we definitely know that someday we are going to die. Nevertheless, death is also a very vulnerable topic and it is difficult to know how to handle it when and we all have different ways of dealing with deathRead More... Divorced, Beheaded, Survived1106 Words   |  5 Pages†¦Divorced, Beheaded, Survived Kenneth 3.c ’’†¦Divorced, Beheaded, Survived’’ is a short story written by the author Robin Black. The text is written in 2010. The text circles around different themes. Some of the main themes are the difficulties about death, how to deal with it, how it affects us, what happens after, death in a young age and how to move on when you lose someone who is really close to you. In the text we are fast introduced to the setting in the main character’s childhood. She

Racial Discrimination Black Lives Matter Essay - 2187 Words

We are living in a time where being African-American comes with many persecutions. Movements such as â€Å"Black Lives Matter† have shown us that racial discrimination is a real threat to the African American population, even in the 21st century. This leaves many communities marginalized and disenfranchised. In the case of Kendra, we can acknowledge that she too has faced discrimination not just due to the fact that she is African-American but also because of her sexual orientation. For Kendra, we can assume that she may suffer from low self-esteem. Her increase in weight and her lack of interest in social interactions also hints at symptoms of depression. After her accident, Kendra also exhibits symptoms of PTSD. I understand that most of her present symptoms may be a result of her recent car accident and the break-up with her girlfriend. Additionally, one has to take the client’s culture and sexual orientation into consideration in order to better help her through thi s difficult phase in her life. Since I come from a different culture than my client, it is important to become aware of differences in cultural norms and avoid making assumptions based on one’s own culture. Therefore, I read the chapter on Counseling African Americans in the textbook â€Å"Counseling the Culturally Diverse†. The book cites Jones’ (1985) study, which argues that one must look at four factors when counseling African Americans: racial oppression, influence of Afro-American culture, influence of majority ofShow MoreRelatedThe Black Lives Matter Movement Essay1280 Words   |  6 Pagestoday. History is in a way repeating itself. Some may counter this argument and say â€Å"all lives matter†, but they cannot ignore the disproportionate injustice against African Americans today. If we study the Black Lives Matter movement, we can see that discrimination and oppression still exists, but there are constructive ways to deal with it. The Black Lives Matter movement brought the attention that discrimination is still existing today. With people like President Obama speaking on this issue, itRead MoreRacial Profiling And The Civil Rights Movement993 Words   |  4 Pagesstill occurs today. Discrimination and racism toward Blacks was considered normal after the Civil War and before the civil rights movement. Many white people could openly abuse black people in the streets and no one would care. Racism and discrimination only happens at a mid extent today, which is not as often as a when Richard lived. Richard Wright was born after the Civil War, but before the Civil Rights Movement. If he were to write an autobiography today, about a black boy growing up in theRead MoreRacial Inequality, Oppression And Discrimination Essay1404 Words   |  6 PagesRacial inequality, oppression and discrimination continue to be key social and political issues plaguing the United States. The Black Lives matter movement aims to addr ess the issues of race inequalities in relation to the American policing system which has and continues to employ brutality and the use of excessive force on Black Minority groups which has ultimately resulted in the deaths of innocent black civilians. According to Weitzer and Tuch (2006) ‘Black Criminality’, has become the ‘norm’Read MoreDiscrimination, Racial, Gender, Religious, Age, And Discrimination981 Words   |  4 PagesDiscrimination is a topic that is often written about in the newspaper. Many people within our society experience discrimination in some form throughout the day. There are many different types of discrimination that we can experience: racial, gender, religious, age, etc. Discrimination is defined as â€Å"the differential (usually negative) behaviors directed towards members of different social groups† (Baron Branscombe 2011). When thinking about discrimination and stereotypes they may seem very similarRead MoreRacial Profi ling And The Civil Rights Movement1239 Words   |  5 PagesGiselle Cordero PSCI 246: Social Movements Outline Topic/Question: Have Black Lives Mattered? – Racial profiling in the justice system, increased incarceration of African Americans and the idea of â€Å"White Privilege† persists in the United States. 1. Introduction Even though America is the world dominating superpower and is known to intervene on behalf of the violation of human rights internationally, it fails to acknowledge and correct the flaws its legal and justice system present against itsRead MoreLiterary Analysis Of Black Like Me 1389 Words   |  6 PagesUniversity Of South Florida A Literary Analysis of â€Å"Black Like Me† Raed Margushi Academic Preparation Lisana Mohamed 4th of December, 2015 A Literary Analysis of â€Å"Black Like Me† John Howard Griffin was a writer who wanted to write about the truth. In dealing with the racial discrimination problems in the United States, Griffin wanted to write about the realities of the situation. However, he was a white man. He empathized with the black people and wanted equality for them as well howeverRead MoreRacial Discrimination Against Minorities And Immigrants1090 Words   |  5 Pagesfamilies. Others come alone with nothing but determination. Racial discrimination against minorities and immigrants is an underlying problem here in America today. Racism is seen in our daily lives when people are discriminated against because of their race and ethnicity. Racism attacks the right to a person’s well-being on the basis of something they have no control over. They cannot change nor should want to change who they are. Racial discrimination is not as bad as it was fifty years ago, but it stillRead MoreRacial Inequality And Socioeconomic Inequalities Essay1292 Words à ‚  |  6 PagesIn class we have been focusing on the topic of racial and socioeconomic inequalities, and how they are demonstrated in todays society. Both are issues that have improved over the years but are stuck in a pretty bad place right now. We need to become aware of these issues and be willing to make changes to see progress and equality across the United States. White privileges are the unearned advantages and immunities that white people benefit from on a daily basis. A lot of times people don’t realizeRead MoreAffirmative Action in a Post-Racial Corporate World1488 Words   |  6 PagesAffirmative Action in a Post-Racial Corporate World It is the purpose of this paper to demonstrate that efforts to force corporations to account for abstract principles such as fairness, racial equality, etc., are largely futile. In the end, corporations are meritocracies, not vehicles for correcting social injustices. Indifference is the very trait that makes the angels weep, said Dr. Cornel West, Princeton Professor and public intellectual, to a congregation of black folk at a NAACP conferenceRead MoreRacial Inequality Of Americ Why It Still Matters Essay964 Words   |  4 PagesRace in America - Why it still Matters One would not want to live a life if they knew their chances of reaching their goals, were almost certainly downsized or marginalized by their race. Well, sadly this is the case for Blacks in America. Blacks are often found to be, at the bottom of the American society. America is suppose to be â€Å"The land of the free, and the home of the brave,† allowing all citizens equal opportunity. However in a harsh reality it is not, but instead the land of the incapacitated

The Global Hepatitis B Situation Health And Social Care Essay Free Essays

Hepatitis B virus infection is one of the most frequent viral infections around the universe showing a major planetary public wellness job. Nowadays, viral hepatitis is the most prima cause of liver malignant neoplastic disease and the most common ground for liver organ transplant. An estimated 4. We will write a custom essay sample on The Global Hepatitis B Situation Health And Social Care Essay or any similar topic only for you Order Now 4million Americans are populating with chronic hepatitis and largely they do non cognize their infection position. About 80,000 new infections occur each and every twelvemonth [ 1 ] . HBV infection is the tenth prima cause of decease worldwide being resulted in 500 000 to 1.2 million deceases per twelvemonth caused by chronic hepatitis, cirrhosis, and hepatocellular carcinoma ; the last histories for 320 000 deceases per twelvemonth [ 2, 3 ] . Round about 15-40 % of septic people have to develop cirrhosis, liver failure, or hepatocellular carcinoma ( HCC ) [ 4 ] . The incidence of HCC has increased worldwide, and now it is the fifth most frequent malignant neoplastic disease histories for killing 300 000-500 000 people each twelvemonth [ 5 ] . Because of the high morbidity and mortality associated with end-stage liver disease, the economic load of hepatitis B infection is well high. Harmonizing to one US-based survey of New England wellness attention databases, patients with CHB accounted for an norm of $ 40 512 in costs over 2 old ages for wellness attention services and medicine [ 7, 8 ] . Both direct medical costs and indirect costs from work lost as serious liver jobs develop over a figure of old ages. To cut down planetary HBV-related morbidity and mortality, community base control plan, mass immunisation undertakings and efficacious interventions are indispensable. Although the World Health Organization recommended the executions of mass immunisation plans, since 1991, that decreased the incidence of HBV infection, the prevalence of disease in less developed county among babies, kids, and striplings are still need to take history [ 2 ] . The hepatitis B virus is 50 to 100 times more infective than HIV and an of import occupational jeopardy for wellness workers. Hepatitis B in Asia The prevalence of HBV infection is well high in South-East Asia and Sub-Saharan state it is assumed that 90 % of 360 million bearers of the virus globally are constituted in lesser developed states. Of the worldaa‚Â ¬a„?s bearers, 75 % are from the Asiatic continent, where between 8 % and 15 % of the population carry the virus. 8-15 % of the Asiatic continent carries the virus which accounts for 75 % of the worldaa‚Â ¬a„?s bearers [ 9 ] . The highest HBV infection among the universe is Asia-Pacific part is, and chronic HBV infection in most of the states of that part is high ( gt ; 10 % prevalence ) [ 10 ] . The infection rates in babies are really high in Thailand, China and Senegal with the prevalence of HBs Ag in serum may transcend 25 % . About 70-90 % of the population of South-east Asia part becomes HBV infected before the age of 40 and bearers are 8 to 20 % [ 11 ] . Hepatitis B in Thailand HBV infection is hyper-endemic in Thailand and there are estimated 5 million bearers, 1 in every 20 people. Because of the deficiency of consciousness the infection rate is so high and merely 15 % of those bearer people are being treated for the virus. Cancer is the major cause of decease among the Thai population and in 2006 entirely, 62000 deceases were reported [ 12 ] . Harmonizing to one survey conducted in 1986 shows the prevalence of HBV markers in general population varies from 40-60 % and estimated 10-20 % of kids between the ages 1-5 old ages have serologic grounds of HBV infection and this prevalence increases with age making a tableland of 40-60 % by age 20. Approximately 75 % of the babes born to HBsAg A ; HBeAg positive female parents become HBsAg positive at within three months after bringing. The prevalence of chronic bearer varies from 5-10 % and is highest among age groups 10-30 old ages. Primary hepatocellular carcinoma is the first and 3rd most common malignant neoplastic disease among Thai citizens [ 13 ] . One ethno-epidemiological study for the HBV and HCV infections among seven minorities in a multi-ethnic centre, Northern Thailand ( 2002 ) studied for the prevalence of HBV and HCV infections by the usage of atom agglutination trials shows that overall prevalence of HBs-Ag, anti-HBs and anti-HCV in the seven groups was 10.3, 33.0 and 3.8 % , severally. By look intoing the prevalence of HBV and HCV infection in Thai cultural minorities and demonstrated that HBV was a more common infective agent found in these populations than HCV that showed that HBV and HCV infection are widely spread in rural cultural populations of northern Thailand. A countrywide but community-based epidemiological study is required for the public wellness planning to command their related serious diseases was recommended in this survey [ 14 ] . A cross-sectional survey was conducted for school-age kids who had no history of HBV inoculation in a low socioeconomic community of Din-Daeng, Bangkok, to look into factors associated with the positiveness of HBV seromarkers. The consequences of this survey expressed the prevalence of HBV seromarkers was 24.85 % , the HBsAg bearer rate was 3.64 % , the anti-HBs positive rate was 15.15 % , and the prevalence of merely anti-HBc was 6.06 % . The consequences revealed the associated factors with HBV positiveness were ( a ) kid factors such as kid ‘s age, sex, ear piercing in female, sharing blade during haircutting, contact lesion from other individuals, utilizing wares with other individuals, seeking things in refuse, and ( B ) household factors such as older parent, parentsaa‚Â ¬a„? low instruction position, low household income, low parent ‘s cognition and attitude about HBV infection and inoculation, ( P lt ; 0.05 ) [ 15 ] . Migrant Workers in Thailand A recent molecular epidemiological survey tried to measure the seroprevalence of HBV and its familial variableness among migratory workers in Thailand from Cambodia, Laos, and Myanmar. The survey was conducted to prove HBs Ag and sera were collected from 1,119 Kampuchean, 787 Laotian, and 1,103 Myanmar workers.The consequence of the survey showed the prevalence of HBsAg among migratory workers from Cambodia, Laos, and Myanmar was 10.8 % , 6.9 % , and 9.7 % , severally. This survey besides revealed that high prevalence of HBV infection ( about 7-11 % ) was found among migratory workers from Cambodia, Laos, and Myanmar, which may reflect the current seroprevalence in their several states [ 16 ] . Hepatitis B Situation in Myanmar Myanmar is besides regarded as a state with a high endemicity of HBV infection which is considered as an of import wellness issue by studies carried out among different population groups revealed HBsAg bearer rate of 10-12 % . In Myanmar, although there is possibility of horizontal transmittal through sharing of toothbrushes and razors and iatrogenic transmittal, the perpendicular path of transmittal might be the commonest path by research surveies [ 17 ] . A big graduated table field survey carried out in the whole state showed the magnitude of hepatitis B infection that 10.4 % of the survey population were constituted by seropositive to hepatitis B surface antigen ( HBs Ag ) [ 18 ] . HBsAg bearer rate of 10-12 % was revealed by subsequent survey conducted among different population groups [ 19 ] . 1. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention: Hepatitis B virus: A comprehensive scheme for extinguishing transmittal in the United States through cosmopolitan childhood inoculation: recommendations of the immunisation patterns consultative commission ( ACIP ) . Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report, 1991. 40, 1-19. 2. World Health Organization: The World Health Report, 1997, World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland. 3. World Health Organization. Hepatitis B. World Health Organization Fact Sheet 204. ( Revised October 2000 ) . 4. Lok, A. , Chronic hepatitis B. N Engl J Med, 2002. 346 ( 22 ) : p. 1682-1683. 5. Parkin, D. , et al. , Estimating the universe malignant neoplastic disease load: Globocan 2000. Int J Cancer, 2001. 94 ( 2 ) : p. 153-156. 6. Prevalence Statistics for Types of Hepatitis B. Available from: hypertext transfer protocol: //www.wrongdiagnosis.com/h/hepatitis_b/prevalence-types.htm 7. Brooks, E. , et al. , Economic rating of 3TC compared with interferon-alpha in the intervention of chronic hepatitis B in the United States. Am J Manag Care, 2001. 7 ( 7 ) : p. 677-682. 8. Rosenberg, D. , S. Cook, and S.E.e. Al, The epidemiology, intervention forms and resource use of hepatitis B patients in a big insured New England population. Pharmcoepidmiol Drug Saf 1998. 7 ( Suppl. 2 ) : p. S132. 9. BF, I.H. , et al. , Global impact of Hepatitis A virus infection. Proceedings of the 1990 International Symposium on Viral Hepatitis and Liver Diseases. HADLER SC, 1991: p. 14-20, 94-97. 10. Core Working Party for Asia-Pacific Consensus on Hepatitis B and C. Consensus statements on the bar and direction of hepatitis B and hepatitis C in the Asia-Pacific part. J Gastroenterology and Hepatology, 2000. 15: p. 825-841. 11. Hollinger FB, Liang TJ. Hepatitis B Virus. In: Knipe DM at el. , explosive detection systems. Field Virology. 4th edition erectile dysfunction. 2001, Lippincott William and Wilkins: Philadelphia. 2971-3036. 12. Jason and U. Ratchathani Hepatitis B, non plenty being done. Jun 29 2008. 13. Pramoolsinsap, C. , S. Pukrittayakamee, and V. Desakorn, Hepatitis B job in Thailand. Southeast Asiatic J Trop Med Public Health, 1986. 17 ( 2 ) : p. 219-28. 14. Prevalence of hepatitis B and C virus infection in rural cultural populations of Northern Thailand. Journal of Clinical Virology, 2002 February. 24 ( 1 ) : p. 31-35. 15. Luksamijarulkul, P. , P. Maneesri, and L. Kittigul, Hepatitis B Sero-prevalence and Risk Factors Among School-age Children in a Low Socioeconomic Community, Bangkok. Asia-Pacific Journal of Public Health, 1995, July. 8 ( 3 ) : p. 158-161. 16. Sa-Nguanmoo, P. , et al. , Molecular epidemiological survey of hepatitis B virus among migratory workers from Cambodia, Laos, and Myanmar to Thailand. Journal of medical virology, 2010 Aug ; 82 ( 8 ) : . 82 ( 8 ) : p. 1341-9. 17. Khin, M. , Control of Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Myanmar: Public Health Issues. Regional Health Forum WHO South-East Asia Region, 2006. 6 ( 2 ) . 18. Tin, K.M. , T. Htut, and H.M.T. Khin, Prevalence of hepatitis A and B in Burma. Proceedings of the First Conference of Medical Specialities. , 1981: p. 26-31. 19. Khin-Pyone-Kyi and Khin-Maung-Win. . DMR Bulletin, Viral Hepatitis in Myanmar. 1995. 9 ( 2 ) : p. 1-31. 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Spring Awakening at the University of Illinois at Urbana †Champaign Essay Example For Students

Spring Awakening at the University of Illinois at Urbana – Champaign Essay Question One In your opinion, why did the theatre department at UIUC choose to produce the rock musical, Spring Awakening? Response I think the Theatre Department chose to produce Spring Awakening for several reasons. First of all, it is a very creative and influential work in the history of musical theatre and theatre, which also won tons of significant awards in the realm of theatre (like Tony Award) and music (like Grammy Award). In my opinion, the Theatre Department produce Spring Awakening to emphasize its artistic value and influence, and to show respect to this great piece of art at the same time. Secondly, I think Theatre Department produces Spring Awakening to present the audience (mostly students at UIUC) the charm of musicals, which is considered to be the most popular type of theatre in Broadway and even across the nation. Since many of us may not have a chance to go to Broadway, producing Spring Awakening here offers us a chance to appreciate a great musical more conveniently. Last but not least, the conceptual meaning of this play is still worthwhile for adolescents and their parents today to learn about. Although the historical background for this play is late 19th century in Germany, many of the conceptions that the playwright wanted to convey, for example, sexuality, violence, domestic abuse, abortion, homosexuality and suicide are still essential issues for adolescents and young adults today. A majority of the obstacles, ambiguities and pursuits of the characters in the performance are still major problems of many youngsters nowadays, which lack of good solutions. As for a specific example, when Moritz was told that he failed the final exam, his after reacted him with disdain, blame and contempt rather can care and inspiration, which is part of the reason of Moritzs suicide. Today, there are still many adolescents who commit a suicide because they are not able to cope with the stress from failure at school and blames from their parents/teachers. I went to see the performance on Moms weekend and I noticed that there was many parents watching attended this production. Producing Spring Awakening offers a chance for parents to know more about their children, and for adolescents/youngsters in the university to know more about themselves and how to deal with major problems in their lives. Question Two What do you feel this production of Spring Awakening communicated to the audience? Support your conclusions with specific examples. Response First of all, it showed the audience the power and charm of musicals. The live singing performance and live orchestra have produced amazing effects. By letting the characters sing out their internal thoughts, all the audience get to understand the nature of the characters better. The audience can feel the characters conflicts, pains, desires, desperations and confusions more deeply. This production has presented the audience about how overwhelming and impressive a musical can be. Last but not least, it communicated to the audience with the need for concentrations on, but not limited to the problems of sex educations among adolescents. In this production, the school emphasized a lot on Latin proficiency but not sex educations, although the latter one is the real concerns of the students and much more important for the adolescents, which partly resulted in the death of Wendla. It is worthwhile because we still have the same problems today. Many adolescents are told by their parents not to attempt to have sex with their romantic partners, but what they are untold is why? and how?. However marking sex as a taboo cant stop adolescents curiosity. .ua682086e79bee52d6b1780cf10100bf2 , .ua682086e79bee52d6b1780cf10100bf2 .postImageUrl , .ua682086e79bee52d6b1780cf10100bf2 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ua682086e79bee52d6b1780cf10100bf2 , .ua682086e79bee52d6b1780cf10100bf2:hover , .ua682086e79bee52d6b1780cf10100bf2:visited , .ua682086e79bee52d6b1780cf10100bf2:active { border:0!important; } .ua682086e79bee52d6b1780cf10100bf2 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ua682086e79bee52d6b1780cf10100bf2 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ua682086e79bee52d6b1780cf10100bf2:active , .ua682086e79bee52d6b1780cf10100bf2:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ua682086e79bee52d6b1780cf10100bf2 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ua682086e79bee52d6b1780cf10100bf2 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ua682086e79bee52d6b1780cf10100bf2 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ua682086e79bee52d6b1780cf10100bf2 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ua682086e79bee52d6b1780cf10100bf2:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ua682086e79bee52d6b1780cf10100bf2 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ua682086e79bee52d6b1780cf10100bf2 .ua682086e79bee52d6b1780cf10100bf2-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ua682086e79bee52d6b1780cf10100bf2:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Giants of the Arts Research Paper EssayMany of them try without knowing how ?, which can lead to serious problems like teenage pregnancy. If we can provide adequate sex educations at home and at schools for teenagers, they will be better at coping their confusions and less likely to engage in dangerous behaviors. Moreover, when I say not limited to ?, I mean that simply concluding this production as a call for sex education ? is not adequate. In fact, the production should be expected to be much higher in richness and complexity. Besides the need for sex education, it also conveyed other controversial and sensitive problems like homosexuality, suicide, violence and so on, and it went much further than simply presenting these problems. It showed how adolescents think about these problems deep in their heart (by singing), and contrasted/compared the internal thoughts with external behaviors (like the girls teasing each other about marrying the boys in town, and how they present in front of their parents). It reprimanded the school and parents for the lack of adequate care/instructions, ignorance and stupid behaviors, like Wendlas mother sent Wendla to abortion surgery, which resulted in Wendlas death. It also presented the adolescents (attempted) rebellions, bravery explorations, and free spirit, though some explorations, like unprotected sex and suicide, are wrong. In short, it conveyed further more than sex education. It reveals the nature of multiple issues and somewhat complimented some explorations of the adolescents, which stands for the desire for free spirit. Question Three What appealed to you about the production and why? Response I like the production mostly because it is a musical. I never attended a music performance and I never knew how much I might love a musical until I attended this production. The songs in the production are mainly for presenting internal psychological activities of the characters and I really like this form of presentation. I think by singing all the psychological activities out, the willingness, desires, pains, and confusions of all the characters are presented much more strongly and impressively than simply by using languages and body movements. When I heard all the internal thoughts of the characters from the lyrics, I felt great empathy and resonance with them since I also met the same problems and confusions as I grew up. Whats more, I personally think all the actors sung really great, and even much better than many popular singers nowadays. The whole production is also a wonderful live concert. All the songs have beautiful tones and thoughtful lyrics. I particularly like the main character Wendla and the song Mama Who Bore Me ? since her voice is so beautiful. Another factor that appealed to me is the bold and inviting nature of this production. I like this production because it has presented all the conflicts in such a direct, bold, and sensitive way. I like all the bold depictions of a series of adolescence problems †sex, abortion, homosexuality, suicide, and so on, of the accusing of parents and schools ignorance, and of the childrens brave rebellions and free spirit. I really respect the original author of this production, Frank Wedekind, for bringing about so many controversial problems in his time that are even still difficult to address nowadays. I respect Steven Sater and Duncan Sheik for making Wedekinds original work into such an influential musical in Broadway, nationally and bringing all the controversial issues to Broadway, to the nation and even to the world. All these creators have kept the bold and inviting nature of this production. They are trying to describe every problem as directly and deeply as they can and I think thats what the society really needs. Spring Awakening has offered a chance for all the people (especially adolescents and their parents) to see all the problems and the consequences of these problems in a very direct way. .ub0061313f43d1da9d57d5ef404c0d328 , .ub0061313f43d1da9d57d5ef404c0d328 .postImageUrl , .ub0061313f43d1da9d57d5ef404c0d328 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub0061313f43d1da9d57d5ef404c0d328 , .ub0061313f43d1da9d57d5ef404c0d328:hover , .ub0061313f43d1da9d57d5ef404c0d328:visited , .ub0061313f43d1da9d57d5ef404c0d328:active { border:0!important; } .ub0061313f43d1da9d57d5ef404c0d328 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub0061313f43d1da9d57d5ef404c0d328 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub0061313f43d1da9d57d5ef404c0d328:active , .ub0061313f43d1da9d57d5ef404c0d328:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub0061313f43d1da9d57d5ef404c0d328 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub0061313f43d1da9d57d5ef404c0d328 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub0061313f43d1da9d57d5ef404c0d328 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub0061313f43d1da9d57d5ef404c0d328 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub0061313f43d1da9d57d5ef404c0d328:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub0061313f43d1da9d57d5ef404c0d328 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub0061313f43d1da9d57d5ef404c0d328 .ub0061313f43d1da9d57d5ef404c0d328-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub0061313f43d1da9d57d5ef404c0d328:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Of Mice ; Men EssayFor example, we may never know how regretful a suicide can be until we see the character Moritz did that on stage. All these bold and direct depictions, in my opinion, should have greater impacts on the audience and the society as a whole than other indirect ones, since these depictions somewhat push ? the society to face the problems and their consequences and natures (i. e. where do they come from and how teenagers think about these). And only when the society can face the existence of the problems and know the nature of these problems, we can start generating adequate solutions.

History of Hong Kongs Martial Arts Action Films Essay Example

History of Hong Kongs Martial Arts Action Films Paper Films from Hong Kong consist of many different genres however they are best known for their martial arts action films. The history of this genre is rocky with much confrontation growing into what is now so wildly accepted that Hollywood has grown a large appetite for Kung Fu action films. Starting back in 1924 in Shanghai, Tan Sri Runme Shaw began a film company known as Unique Film Productions where they produced many silent films. Silent films being both the first movies presented in Malaya and the most practical for they could be understood by many dialect groups in Singapore at that time, making these silent films an instant success with the masses (Shaw. com). With hopes of expanding the market, Shaw decided to move his business to Hong Kong to produce quality Chinese movies in 1959. This Shaw organization quickly gained the name Shaw Brothers as they began to dominate the film industry in Hong Kong. Similar to Hollywood at that time, the Shaw Brothers ran the studio on what is known as the star system and mass production. Top Chinese investors were eager to pour money into the company allowing the brothers to develop extensive studio facilities for post production including a colour laboratory to ensure consistent quality control (shaw. com). There was no match to the Shaw brothers flourishing business, quickly becoming the largest privately owned studio in the world. We will write a custom essay sample on History of Hong Kongs Martial Arts Action Films specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on History of Hong Kongs Martial Arts Action Films specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on History of Hong Kongs Martial Arts Action Films specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Until the Shaw Brothers a typical Hong Kong budget was around $800 HK dollars or less, while the Shaws films were extreme with budgets up to $50,000. By the 1970s their studios established itself as the best known and most successful movie producer in Hong Kong, producing over 40 films a year the output terms even rivaled with major Hollywood Studios. Raymond Chow, a top executive with Shaw Brothers decided he wished to explore his own options and left Shaw Studios and with Leonard Ho formed the company Golden Harvest Studios. Golden Harvest took chances on independent producers and crew. Chow knew it would take something really big to make the film world take notice and he was willing to try out new talent for a change (page 165). Golden Harvest studios didnt have to wait that long for success, in 1971 an already popular US Born Chinese cult figure was causing a buzz in the TV series circuit. Chow picked up on him quickly. This man was quickly signed to Golden Harvest which later introduced us to him as Little Dragon, or better known today as Bruce Lee. This was the break Golden Harvest needed, not to mention the action film genre. Bruce Lees first movie The Big Boss showed China a different type of hero, harder, faster, a more exciting kind of martial arts fighting (Yang, 145). At this time all other martial arts action films (which would have been mainly produced by the Shaw Brothers) were stiff combat of swordsmen films. The formula for these action flicks were growing old on the audiences and Lees films appeared to be excitingly different. The Big Boss was reflective of chinas street dealings. Bruce as the hero was not of the stereotypical martial arts hero, which would be a noble, stoic man in search for honourable revenge, Lees character was a street fighter, a juvenile delinquent who was a character the audience could relate to even with his deadly skillzzzzz. This breakthrough performance took Golden Harvest from an independent company to a contender against the infamous Shaw Brothers. Bruce lee had turned the Hong Kong movie Industry into Havoc, every independent film company searched for a Bruce Lee equivalent. The Shaw Brothers were almost a monopoly with the biggest actors, biggest directors, not to mention spending the most money on each film. But with Bruce Lee on the scene the giant had stumbled when they had lost Lee to Golden Harvest. His films had set the standard that everyone else wanted to follow in Kung Fu films. Jackie Chan, a fan and coworker to Bruce Lee in his early days believed Bruces movies are like seeds that never had the chance to sprout (Yang page 99). Lees last film Enter the Dragon was the first co-production between American and Hong Kong film studios. The film proved to be an international Hit, famous for its stunning martial art action sequences. When Lee tragically passed away at the age of 32 on July 20th, 1973 the Hong Kong action cinema was faced with a staleness that grew overwhelming. Bruce Lee died, People were not watching action films anymore, and they were turning to melodramas, romances, comedies, anything that did not appear to be a mockery of Bruce Lees genius. His death not only hurt Golden Harvest but the martial arts action industry as a whole. With Martial arts movies being less popular this meant most people in this field were out of work, especially stuntmen such as the now famous Jackie Chan. These stuntmen almost all shared a similar background in Chinese Opera, which is much different than Westernized Opera that we may be used too. It was here they would learn how to sing, fight and perform acrobatics. Many had no other qualifications for jobs besides stunts in action films, and work was becoming extremely scarce. With the major kung fu studios trying to find a replacement for Bruce Lee, everyone was forgetting the option of reinventing the martial arts movie. Jackie Chan wanted desperately to bring humor and humanity to a genre that seemed to have lost its sense of both (Yang pg 220). With several failed attempts Chan was giving the opportunity to have more creative freedom with the movie Half a Loaf of Kung Fu, which was the first real attempt of a martial arts parody movie. Chans producer who thought it was a flop put it in the vault with hopes never to release it. Jackie Chan was giving another chance, this time he incorporated a new style of Kung fu which he had invented called Cats Claw kung fu, involving him leaping around making meowing noises. Although not a real kung fu style, the acrobatics and tumbling that were incorporated looked amazing on camera, the fight was considered to be just as exciting as Bruce Lees battles yet completely unique in look, feel and tone (Yang pg 221). When Seasonal Films (an off branch that had started from Shaw Brother Films) had finished the production, they realized that the finished film was different from any kung fu movie ever made. The film was Snake in Eagles Shadow which turned out to be a blockbuster hit, during its time it had become the biggest film in the history of Hong Kong, bigger than any of Bruce Lees films. His next film proved himself not to be a fluke; Drunken Master had been an even bigger hit than Shake in Eagles Shadow. In Drunken Master his team of stuntmen had created a whole new set of kung fu styles, called Eight Drunken Gods martial arts, and based on the drunken style kung fu that Wong Fei Hung was supposed to have practiced as his secret weapon. With these martial arts techniques they added wild acrobatics, street brawling, slapstick antics, comic mime, and even real drama (Yang pg 222). Actors such as Jackie Chan were not getting remotely comparable wages to Hollywood. Even after Chans success he was still receiving according to his strict contract $3,000(HK currency) when he was being offered 2. 7 Million dollars to sign with the now international production company Golden Harvest. Due to the Shaw Brothers control over the entertainment industry, there was the creation of Triads a group of Hong Kong gangsters who have been a part of the Hong Kong performing arts since the turn of the Century. Since many early film stars come from the opera, there was always a tie between the triads and the movies. The biggest fault can be laid at the feet of the Shaw Brothers, which basically controlled the movie industry until the rise of Golden Harvest. Shaw Brothers with their domination were able to pay slave like wages to its employees, even the major stars of China, got almost nothing to compensate. To survive, several actors and stuntmen turned to the triads, acting as small time muscle men to get money they werent getting as actors (Yang, 184). Jackie Chan found himself to be one of the many actors who were threatened by this mob into accepting an unacceptable contract with his past employer who was jealous of Chans success. These situations caused much of the Hong Kong talent to move to Hollywood where they would receive less threats, more money and world wide recognition. Hong Kong has been the second largest exporter of movies to North America, Europe and Pacific Rim countries in recent years with more than 200 films mostly action genre being churned out by a place with a population less than the size of New York City (alkdfjalkdjflaksjdf). With major Hong Kong talent moving to the United States, Chinas ticket sales have dropped from 45 million which once stood in 1989, down to 25 million as of last year, a downward trend which has been said to show no sign of slowing. Directors such as John Woo and Woo Ping who had made themselves famous while working in China, have become Hollywoods secret choreography and action scene weapons. In 1978, Woo Ping changed the direction of Kung Fu films in Hong Kong when he directed Jackie Chans Snake in the Eagles Shadow followed by Drunken Master films that are said to have saved Martial Arts action films. While John Woo left Hong Kong for Hollywood around seven years ago believing the industry slump is a result of hand over fears. John Woo is known now internationally for his stunning choreography in action scenes. Now a days not only the talent is expanding internationally but so is Studios such as Golden Harvest group, the studio that launched the careers of Bruce Lee, Jackie Chan and John Woo and began the Kung Fu style of the 1970s cinema is now leaving Hong Kong. They are in the process of finding a new site that may take it outside of Hong Kong. The Government of China has been trying to prevent the deterioration of this industry by grants to local film industry, up to 100 million Hong Kong dollars. What once was the worlds third largest film producer, behind the United States and India has now been cut to one third of its previous level because of the Asian Financial crisis. With the decline in quality films thanks to the departure of Hong Kong film makers and stars you have to wonder if China will be able to reestablish itself again in such a money absorbed industry.

Dna1 essays

Dna1 essays Fetal surgery itself is a relatively new procedure with only a few hundred attempts world wide. Because of the risk of inducing preterm labor and delivering so early in the pregnancy, fetal surgery traditionally was reserved for life- threatening circumstances. While spina bifida is not necessarily life- threatening, it is the most common debilitating birth defect, diagnosed in about one of every 1,000 here in the US. Babies born with spina bifida typically experience one or more lifelong and an sometimes devastating physical disabilities like weakness or paralysis in their lower limbs, loss of feeling, urinary and bowel dysfunction, and hydrocephalus (water on the brain). In addition some children also have skeletal deformation, sexual dysfunction, and mental impairment. Each child is an individual with differing degrees of disability. If we have the chance to lessen the extent of injury, why wouldnt we do that, asks Dr. Joseph Bruner, Director of Fetal Diagnosis and Therapy at Vanderbilt. (fetal-surgery.com/; 10/29/00; Copyright 1998-2000 fetal-surgery.com). Fetal surgery for spina bifida is intended to decrease the handicaps associated with spina bifida by protecting the fetuses previously exposed spinal tissue from additional damage by the amniotic fluid and intrauterine movement. Doctors say this procedure can not restore neurological function which has already been lost, but it may prevent additional loss from occurring due to the intrauterine environment. (fetal-surgery.com/; 10/29/00; Copyright 1998-2000 fetal-surgery.com). As an added and unexpected benefit, it was discovered that the procedure apparently affects the way the brain develops in utero, allowing certain malformations of the brain, typically associated with spina bifida to correct themselves. Its extraordinary that the malformation goes away, ...

Personal Qualities Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Personal Qualities - Essay Example From this paper it is clear that from the time the reporter   was allowed to skip 8th grade, he discerned that the greatest element of education is success. He also learned that the reporter can do anything so long as he set his mind well. Currently, he can affirm that he is ever determined in everything the reporter does. He has also grown to be exceptionally open-minded and non-judgmental. One of the factors that contributed to this is his schooling in a private school. Attending a private school up until seventh grade exposed him to stereotypical judgments. Some students referred me as a pretentious diva living an opulent lifestyle which is often revealed by her designer clothes and expensive handbags. However, this was a false accusation. Torn between two households, a fortune holder father and a poor mother, he could probably not afford such a lifestyle. As a result of their divorce, his parents shared custody with his dad paying for his education.As the discussion highlights the author can associate his childhood spoilage with growing up in a gated community. He associated himself with kids who not only grew up with money, but also showed no appreciation for what they had. The situation was changed however by the fall of his mother’s relationship with her second husband. Being robbed off all her money by her second husband who ran away to Vietnam, him together with his mom was forced to move into an apartment. The switching of houses led to him shifting from private school to public school.

Porters Model of National Competitive Advantage Essay - 14

Porters Model of National Competitive Advantage - Essay Example The paper tells that a number of studies conducted for the last ten years reveal that outsourcing of information technology permits the companies to decrease their high expenses and boost their productivity. Through information technology, the firms are in a position to enjoy the flexibility and as a result, enhancing the business performance. USA, China, UK, Japan, and Germany are all experiencing information technology outsourcing growth. IT outsourcing has been around for some time and is significantly affecting these countries’ and the world economy at large. However, it is true that outsourcing IT services offshore brings with it new risks and challenges. The Diamond Porter model is used in this study to determine the competitiveness of IT outsourcing in USA, China, Germany, Japan, and the UK. The model is used to examine the basic industries in the countries. Since Porter’s work was published, about 20 years ago, there has been a multitude of response to his work. Some research studies tallied with his work while others disagreed. However, from the studies, it is evident that some of Porter’s ideas hold while others do not apply in the today’s modern business settings. In his research, Oz applied Porter’s Diamond Model to monitor the competitive advantage of five industries in Turkey. His findings were tandem with Porter’s ideas. The Turkish customers were demanding and as a result forced the companies to upgrade to meet the demand of the consumers. The intense rivalry in the Turkish domestic market for clothing and glass pushed the companies to be in a position to compete favorably in the international markets. On the other hand, the non-competitive automobile companies in the Turkish market remained non-performers in the international markets.

Global Business Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3250 words

Global Business Strategy - Essay Example Other theoretical aspects and Porter’s five forces vital for achieving a competitive advantage were examined. The author highlighted some strategic challenges impacting the company in the current global market. Company resource audit was included and the author revealed some tangible and intangible organizational resource and capabilities. The researcher analyzed the current strategic alliance and other corporate strategies employed in the business operation process. This included SWOT analysis as a vital strategic tool effective for determining favorable and unfavorable factors in the business environment. Strategic implementations were included and also organizational structure evaluated including the industrial structure, corporate or functional and brand-based organizational structure. Lastly, the author included some recommendations and also the conclusion that summed up the research project. Global Business Strategy Introduction Globilisation, which has been contributed by rapid technology development, has encouraged many multinational enterprises to implement effective global business strategy vital for achieving a competitive advantage. Many multinational enterprises have made significant determinations in order to sustain their business in the competitive global market. Many actors in the international markets have increasingly internationalized their operations; thus their performances are deeply influenced by their mutual interdependencies and by their strategic behaviors towards their competitors. Automotive industries are among the companies that have attempted to implement effective global strategies by forming mergers, alliances and acquisitions in order to improve the automobile markets. Among the automobile companies, Chrysler Group is one of the automobile industries that have adopted strategy of internationalisation and varied strategies for achieving successful business performance. Thus, the research project will focus on Chrysler Gr oup Company’s global strategy and relevant theories, which the company employs in order to improve their business performance in the global competitive market. Historical Background of Chrysler Group and Its Internalisation Process Chrysler Group is an American multinational corporation that designs automobiles and it’s headquarter is located at Auburn Hills in Michigan. It was established by Walter Chrysler in 1925 when Maxwell Motor Corporation was restructured into the Chrysler Group Company, and trades automobile products across the globe under the flagship Chrysler brand, but other brand also exists including the Ram, Doge and Jeep brand. The company has been performing well across the globe and it was named among the leading automaker production globally, in 2011. Chrysler Group established a global strategic alliance with other companies including Fiat and merged also with other firms under, which it currently sells their automobile products. Moreover, with adeq uate resources, improved technology and global distribution network necessary for competing on a global level, the alliance builds on the company’s innovation culture. It also builds their innovation culture, which is based on the complementary technology of Fiat Company that was founded, in 1899. The company employed internalization strategy by merging Daimler Benz and also merged with Volkswagen Group, with an aim of extending their products range to broaden their sales in the automobile ma

Condoms: Advantages and Disadvantages

Condoms: Advantages and Disadvantages Contraception is the control of fertility to prevent unwanted pregnancy. Methods prevent ovulation in the woman, stop sperm from meeting an ovum in the fallopian tube, or prevent a fertilized ovum implant in the uterus. Methods of contraception include total or periodic abstinence from the sexual intercourse (â€Å"Contraception†, 2010, p.167). Contraceptive (2001) provides that contraceptive is â€Å"An agent that prevent conception† (p.333). Contraceptive (2001) also provides that â€Å"Relating to any measure or agent designed to prevent conception† (p.333). This essay briefly outline the historical background of contraception, and then discuss the benefits and risks of one specific form of contraception, followed by a discussion of a range of possible causes of infertility. For all practical purposes the education of the general populace on the subject of contraception was not initiated until the early 1800s. The first systematic work in contraception was begun in 1882 by Dr. Aletta Jacobs of the Netherlands (â€Å"Contraception†, 2014, para. 2). Quarini (2005, pp. 28-30) acknowledge that in 1839, the process of vulcanizing rubber was developed for that reason condom became cheap and widely available. Seamless condoms were being made up in factory by 1890. When liquid latex became available in the mid-1930s, condoms became more reliable. Polyurethane condoms, usable since the 1990s. These are thinner and possibility of break is lower than latex condoms. In addition, they are less likely to cause the allergic reactions and these are not affected by heat There are many discussion about benefits and risks of using condom. The benefit of using condom condoms during sexual intercourse, the infected with herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV – 2) to female is significant decreases according to the first study to examine the effectiveness of condoms in preventing this infection. (Larson et al, 2013, pp. 25-31). According to Tishler (2009, para. 1) Condoms can help to prevent people against herpes. But Tishler (2009) stated that herpes can spread by simple skin contact as well as by sexual intercourse so the protection is only partial. People who used condom only for sometimes was less protection. Another benefits of condom is that it can prevent unwanted pregnancy. According to Long et al (2012, pp.1-2) using condom constantly and correctly will reduce unwanted teenager pregnancy. Male partner can improve reproductive health outcome by using condoms consistently with sexual partner to prevent unwanted pregnancy. A better understanding about factors associated with condom use among male students will not only protect students from unwanted pregnancy. However M Carter et al (2012, pp. 449-456) acknowledge that condom is good material to prevent unwanted pregnancy but reported that teenagers do not often use condoms plus other contraception. The first risk of condom is that breakage is quite high In South India the surveys of female sex workers (FSWs) suggest that breakage of condoms are quite high. In Benin in 2005, the study of FSWs reported that 33% of FSWs had experienced a breakage in the previous 2 days. 11.4% of FSWs reported that in the previous month, at least one condom break. (Bradley et al, 2011, pp.S6-S14). However, condom breakage is high in vulnerable population than cross-sectional studies but condom breakage were lower than estimated rates because the proportion all condoms used that broker was only 2.1%. The second risk of condom is that it is not fool proof which mean is that it can fail to prevent pregnancy. Durrer et al (2011, p. 580) acknowledged that there are some condom failure because of miss used. According to laboratory test, they reported that the used condom breakage rate was 1.1% and leaks rate was 2.0 %( Bradly et al, 2013, pp.559-567) Majra (2009, p.53) stated 100 woman and their partner used condoms and approximately 15 of woman pregnant but when they used condom perfect way, only two woman pregnant. However, Majra (2009) believe when people use condom constantly and correct way, it can prevent unwanted pregnancy as well as decrease failure rate. Infertility can occur to female or male and there are many possible causes of infertility. There have been many discussions about possible cause of male or female infertility. The first possible causes of infertility is endocrine disorder. Luciao, Lanzone and Goverde (2013, pp.s9-s17) stats that endocrine disorder is one of main causes of female infertility. The management of female hormonal causes of infertility involves a thorough understanding of all the potential disorders that may interfere with normal ovulatory function. Unuane, Tournaye, Velkeniers and Poppe (2011, pp.861-873) acknowledged that Female infertility occurs in about 37% of all infertile couples and ovulatory disorders account for more than half of these. The ovaries are in continuous interaction with the other endocrine organs. Many endocrine disorders, can lead to female infertility by interacting and impairing the normal reproductive ovarian function. However, Unuane, Tournaye, Velkeniers and Poppe (2011) added these endocrine disorders should be excluded in women with ovarian causes of infertility, without neglecting the other causes of female infertility, such as tubal disorders, obstructions of the genital tract and endometriosis The second possible causes of infertility is oxidative stress. It cause male infertility. It results from high concentrations of free radicals and suppressed antioxidant potential, which may alter protein expression in seminal plasma and spermatozoa. The test found out 30 to 80% of male infertility causes by sperm damage due to oxidative stress. (Agarwal, Durairajanayagam, Halabi, Peng Vazquez-Levin, 2014, pp.32-58). Lanzafame, La Vignera, Vicari and Calogero (2009, pp.638-659) stats that Oxidative stress (OS) has been recognized as one of the most important cause of male infertility. Despite the antioxidant activity of seminal plasma, epididymis and spermatozoa, OS damages sperm function and DNA integrity. However, it emerges that no single antioxidant is able to enhance fertilizing capability in infertile men and a combination of compounds, at an appropriate dosage, may be a possible better approach. The last possible causes of infertility is smoking. The test states that smoking is affected negatively every system in body include reproduction system. Smokers’ Spermatozoa have decreased fertilising capacity, and embryos display lower implantation rates. In additional, the smoking cause decrease fertility in woman. It also increase the frequency menstrual abnormalities. It make female memopause age decrease. (Mostafa,2010,pp.179-186). According to Ji,Yan, Jianhua,Qu and Gu, (2011,pp.144-149) Oxoguanine DNA glycosylase 1 (OGG1)is an very important role in repairing oxidative DNA damage induced by chemical agents, such as cigarette. This study found out that OGG1 Ser326Cys polymorphism and cigarette smoking is damaged on sperm oxidative DNA also it can causes the male inferilityHowever, Ji,Yan, Jianhua,Qu and Gu, (2011) suggest it need additional test to validate our findings. To elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of association, mechanistic test are needed. In conclusion, over the centuries, contraception developed quickly. Recently contraception material is getting cheaper. Also it is easy to find and use it. Contraception is very affective to prevent unwanted pregnancy. There are many discuss about benefits and risks. Contraception help to prevent spread sexual transmitted such as herpes and HIV. However it has risks as well such as it is not foolproof it means it can fail to prevent unwanted pregnancy or spread sexual diseases and the breakage is quite high but people can reduce this risk when they use contraception in correct way. There are many possible causes of infertility such as endocrine disorder, oxidative stress and smoking. Endocrine disorder is the diseases which affected to female infertility and oxidative stress is affected to male infertility. Smoking is negatively affected to male and female. Important thing is that use contraceptive correctly and constantly.

19th Century Reviews of Mark Twains The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn :: Adventures Huckleberry Huck Finn Essays

Reviews of Huckleberry Finn in the late 19th Century In the 20th Century, no other book was discussed or fought over more then The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn, by Mark Twain. The book has been banned and reinstated in many school systems and libraries throughout this century. Controversy over the use of the word "nigger" has been one of the biggest arguments. The fact that people are still feeling the sting and abuse from the creation of this slang word is understandable. The other problem that many people have is that Jim, the black main character, was played off as a comical, half-wit character. This didn't help much when this character was used as the icon for the early minstrel shows of the 20th Century. Both of these arguments have been used since the 50's as reasons to ban the book and never have it in any public facility. The controversy that surrounds this book has followed it wherever it goes and it's a wonder that it still is used in classrooms around the country today. The reasons above have kept this book in discussion and in circulation through out the 20th Century and probably this will continue into the 21st Century. What concerns me about most about this is that we are imposing 20th Century values on a book that was written in the 19th Century. Trying to censor this book is like trying to fight for child rights in the novel Oliver Twist. The main thing about this book that interests me is what did the critics of Mark Twain's time have to say about the novel? What concerns did they have about the book? Did they like it, hate it, and why? To commence with (as Huckleberry Finn would say), Twain at the time was a respected author and writer. When this book came out in the late 19th Century, The Civil War had been over for a few years, The Reconstruction era was ending as the country's scar were beginning to heal, and the African-Americans were going through their first trial period of being free Americans. This is the time when Huckleberry Finn came out. When critics first read the book, their reviews from what I read were mixed.